How a Hangover Affects Your Brain the Next Day

We all know we shouldn't drink and drive. But what about hopping behind the wheel the morning after you've been drinking? According to a new meta-analysis, even this could be problematic, as the effects of alcohol on our brains may linger even after the chemical has left our bloodstream.

The meta-analysis, which was published Aug. 25 in the journal Addiction, found that a night of heavy drinking may affect people's cognition the next day, including their memory, attention, coordination and even driving skills.

"Our findings demonstrate that [having a] hangover can have serious consequences for the performance of everyday activities such as driving, and workplace skills such as concentration and memory," senior study author Sally Adams, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath, in the United Kingdom, said in a statement.

Thinking after drinking

It's well-known that drinking alcohol can temporarily impair thinking and coordination while a person is intoxicated. But whether drinking alcohol impairs cognition the next day — i.e., when a person is  hungover — is less clear, with studies on the topic finding conflicting results.

In the meta-analysis, the researchers analyzed data from 19 previous studies involving more than 1,100 people. All of the studies tested people's thinking abilities the day after they had drunk heavily, when their blood-alcohol level was less than 0.02 percent. (For comparison, the legal blood-alcohol limit for driving a car in the United States is 0.08 percent.)

Some of the studies were conducted in a laboratory — meaning that researchers gave people precise amounts of alcohol before testing their thinking abilities; other studies were "naturalistic," meaning that researchers told people to come to the lab after a typical night of social drinking.

The study found that, overall, people who were hungover had poorer attention, memory and coordination skills, compared with those who weren't hungover. A few of the studies tested people's driving ability using a driving simulation. The studies found that when people were hungover, their ability to control a vehicle was impaired, compared with when they were not hungover.

Although many people think that it's fine to drive the morning after a night of drinking, "it might be that we're still impaired the next day, even after the alcohol has left our system," Adams said.

Overall, the findings suggest that "some of the things that you might expect to happen with your thought processes on alcohol may continue throughout into the hangover period," said lead author Craig Gunn, also of the University of Bath's Department of Psychology. This means that if you're a student attending a lecture, you might not be able to remember things as well when you're hungover, compared with when you're not hungover, Gunn said. And if you're driving a car, you might not be able to react as efficiently to a red light, he said.

Still, the researchers noted that some of the studies did not take into account other factors that could affect thinking abilities, such as smoking or sleep deprivation. The researchers called for further studies testing the effects of alcohol on cognition, particularly on people's "executive functions," which include decision-making and problem solving.

More research is also needed on the effect of hangovers on workplace safety and productivity, the researchers said. They noted that although many workplaces have policies prohibiting intoxication on the job, few of these policies cover the next-day effects of alcohol.

To some people, part of going out with friends is drinking alcohol. Even though it may be fun at the time, especially since that new speakeasy serves amazing, one-of-a-kind drinks, the aftermath may not be as fun. Yep, the hangover: You’re exhausted, feel as though your head will explode since it hurts so much, and you may be nauseous or vomiting, too, among other symptoms. But something you may not think about is what happens to your brain when you’re hungover.

“The effects of alcohol are more significant than some realize — it impacts brain function and neurochemistry,” Dr. Adam Lipson, a neurosurgeon at IGEA Brain & Spine, says “Frequent hangovers are a sign of alcoholism. In my world as a surgeon, one hangover is too much. Everyone has a different relationship with this issue, but frequent hangovers should be considered a red flag.”

While you may not think a post-drinking headache is a big deal, a lot more is going on inside your head after drinking alcohol than you may think. Below, you’ll find some key things that happen to your brain when you have a hangover, according to experts and studies.

1.Increased Levels of Anxiety

You may already suffer from anxiety, but when you add alcohol to the equation, your anxiety might get worse. You may know of people, or even yourself, who have a glass of wine “to relax,” but this effect is false, even though it may seem relaxing at the time. According to Healthline, you may feel relaxed as a result of your blood alcohol content (BAC). A rise in BAC levels may make you feel better — temporarily. However, as the BAC levels decrease, that’s when feelings of depression and anxiety occur.

2Increased Feelings Of Depression

Do you ever feel sad after drinking alcohol? You probably hear people say it’s a depressant, and there’s truth to it. “Alcohol is a depressant, so it can make you feel sad either when consuming it, or afterwards when you have a hangover,” Dr. Isha Gupta, a neurologist at IGEA Brain & Spine,

3Decreased Motor Skills

While you may be aware that your motor skills decrease as you consume alcohol — hence, no drinking and driving — they also can during the hangover stage since you may still have alcohol in your system. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the cerebellum, aka an area of the brain that controls coordinating your movements and possibly certain forms of learning, is most frequently damaged when it comes to chronic alcohol consumption.

4.Inconsistent Sleep

Fotolia

If you wonder why you cannot get a good night’s sleep after a night of drinking, there’s good reason. Sure, maybe you initially passed out right out when you got home, but then you may find yourself waking up several times during the night. And, of course, poor sleep can lead to a downward spiral of decreased cognitive functioning, poor work performance, and just feeling out of it the day after drinking or for a few days after drinking. “Since alcohol is a depressant, as the alcohol leaves your system you may have difficulty sleeping, since its depressant effects are wearing off,” Dr. Gupta says.

5.Delusions

“There is something known as alcohol-related psychosis, which involves hallucinations or delusions during a period of alcohol withdrawal, which can occur during a hangover,” Dr. Gupta says. Strange, right? According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which is part of the United States National Library of Medicine, a branch of the National Institutes of Health, symptoms of psychosis can occur during or after heavy alcohol intake. “Clinically, alcohol-induced psychosis is similar to schizophrenia but has been found to be a unique and independent condition,” they state. “It is characterized by hallucinations, paranoia, and fear.”

After reading the above, you may also wonder how much alcohol is too much. “Everyone has a different and individual relationship with alcohol,” Dr. Lipson says. “It is suggested [by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans] that women consume no more than one alcoholic beverage per day and no more than two for men. Generally speaking, no more than four to six drinks should be consumed per week.”

There you have it — if you' ever feel "off" after a night of drinking, now you know there's a lot more than just a headache going on in your head when you're hungover.

Scientists calculate the speed of death in cells, and it's surprisingly slow

Regular, programmed "cellular suicide" keeps us healthy.

Cells in our bodies die all the time, and now we know just how fast.

Scientists found that death travels in unremitting waves through a cell, moving at a rate of 30 micrometers (one-thousandth of an inch) every minute, they report in a new study published Aug. 10 in the journal Science. That means, for instance, that a nerve cell, whose body can reach a size of 100 micrometers, could take as long as 3 minutes and 20 seconds to die.

That may sound morbid, but it's precisely this lethal tide that keeps us alive and healthy. Apoptosis — or programmed cell death — is necessary for clearing our bodies of unnecessary or harmful cells, such as those that are infected by viruses. It also helps shape organs and other features in a developing fetus. (There is a second way cells can die, called necrosis, which is a different process that occurs as an unplanned response to a stressful event).

If this process doesn't work properly, the consequences can be dire. For example, cancerous cells, happily living on, having slipped the grasp of the Grim Reaper, begin to spread instead of dying off.

"Sometimes our cells die when we really don't want them to — say, in neurodegenerative diseases. And sometimes our cells don't die when we really do want them to — say, in cancer," senior author Dr. James Ferrell, a professor of chemical and systems biology and biochemistry at Stanford University, said in a statement. "And if we want to intervene, we need to understand how apoptosis is regulated."

Apoptosis is also sometimes called "cellular suicide," because it is a process of self-destruction. It begins with a signal either from the inside or the outside that informs enzymes within the cells called caspases to start cleaving the cell. But it had been unclear how apoptosis, after being triggered, actually spread through the cell.

To figure this out, Ferrell and his team observed the process in one of the larger cells present in nature: egg cells of Xenopus laevis, or African clawed frogs. They filled test tubes with fluid from the eggs and triggered apoptosis, which they watched unfold by tagging involved proteins with fluorescent light. If they saw fluorescent light, it meant apoptosis was taking place.

They found that the fluorescent light traveled through the test tubes at a constant speed. If apoptosis had carried on due to simple diffusion (the spreading of substances from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration), the process would have slowed down toward the end, according to the study.

Since it didn't, the researchers concluded that the process they observed must be "trigger waves," which they likened to "the spread of a fire through a field." The caspases that are first activated, activate other molecules of caspases, which activate yet others, until the entire cell is destroyed.

"It spreads in this fashion and never slows down, never peters out," Ferrell said in the statement. "It doesn't get any lower in amplitude because every step of the way it's generating its own impetus by converting more inactive molecules to active molecules, until apoptosis has spread to every nook and cranny of the cell."

The team then wanted to watch this process occur inside the egg itself, as it would in nature. They noticed that when frog eggs died, they darkened in color. So, they initiated conditions that would naturally lead to the death of a frog egg and imaged what happened. Similarly, the cell darkened at the average rate of 30 micrometers per minute.

Such trigger waves are actually pervasive in nature, Ferrell said. Trigger waves also help cells reproduce, neurons propagate signals through the brain and viruses spread from cell to cell. Ferrell and his team hope to find out where else in biology trigger waves occur.

Programmed cell death is necessary for clearing our bodies of unnecessary or harmful cells.Science Picture Co. / Getty Images/Collection Mix: Sub

Cells in our bodies die all the time, and now we know just how fast.

Scientists found that death travels in unremitting waves through a cell, moving at a rate of 30 micrometers (one-thousandth of an inch) every minute, they report in a new study published Aug. 10 in the journal Science. That means, for instance, that a nerve cell, whose body can reach a size of 100 micrometers, could take as long as 3 minutes and 20 seconds to die.

That may sound morbid, but it's precisely this lethal tide that keeps us alive and healthy. Apoptosis — or programmed cell death — is necessary for clearing our bodies of unnecessary or harmful cells, such as those that are infected by viruses. It also helps shape organs and other features in a developing fetus. (There is a second way cells can die, called necrosis, which is a different process that occurs as an unplanned response to a stressful event.)

If this process doesn't work properly, the consequences can be dire. For example, cancerous cells, happily living on, having slipped the grasp of the Grim Reaper, begin to spread instead of dying off.

Sometimes our cells die when we really don't want them to — say, in neurodegenerative diseases. And sometimes our cells don't die when we really do want them to — say, in cancer," senior author Dr. James Ferrell, a professor of chemical and systems biology and biochemistry at Stanford University, said in a statement. "And if we want to intervene, we need to understand how apoptosis is regulated."

Apoptosis is also sometimes called "cellular suicide," because it is a process of self-destruction. It begins with a signal either from the inside or the outside that informs enzymes within the cells called caspases to start cleaving the cell. But it had been unclear how apoptosis, after being triggered, actually spread through the cell.

To figure this out, Ferrell and his team observed the process in one of the larger cells present in nature: egg cells of Xenopus laevis,or African clawed frogs. They filled test tubes with fluid from the eggs and triggered apoptosis, which they watched unfold by tagging involved proteins with fluorescent light. If they saw fluorescent light, it meant apoptosis was taking place.

They found that the fluorescent light traveled through the test tubes at a constant speed. If apoptosis had carried on due to simple diffusion (the spreading of substances from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration), the process would have slowed down toward the end, according to the study.

Since it didn't, the researchers concluded that the process they observed must be "trigger waves," which they likened to "the spread of a fire through a field." The caspases that are first activated, activate other molecules of caspases, which activate yet others until the entire cell is destroyed.

"It spreads in this fashion and never slows down, never peters out," Ferrell said in the statement. "It doesn't get any lower in amplitude because every step of the way it's generating its own impetus by converting more inactive molecules to active molecules until apoptosis has spread to every nook and cranny of the cell."

The team then wanted to watch this process occur inside the egg itself, as it would in nature. They noticed that when frog eggs died, they darkened in color. So, they initiated conditions that would naturally lead to the death of a frog egg and imaged what happened. Similarly, the cell darkened at the average rate of 30 micrometers per minute.

Such trigger waves are actually pervasive in nature, Ferrell said. Trigger waves also help cells reproduce, neurons propagate signals through the brain and viruses spread from cell to cell. Ferrell and his team hope to find out where else in biology trigger waves occur.

World's Purest Water Droplet Leads To Surprising Tech Discovery

The ultra-pure icicle is pictured on the left, and the water droplet on the right.
Credit: TU Wien




If cleanliness is next to godliness, then this is one divine droplet.
As you may know from scrubbing the kitchen, getting a surface well and truly clean is a real challenge – and even more so for scientists working at microscopic levels.
No matter how pristine a material is engineered to be, it always ends up covered in a thin layer of molecules.
Now new research has produced the cleanest water droplets ever created in an attempt to figure out why it's so hard to create perfect self-cleaning surfaces.
One hypothesis was that this layer of molecular dirt comes from water.
To investigate, researchers used pure ice frozen in a vacuum chamber to produce water droplets completely free of dirt and defects, and then dropped the liquid onto pristine surfaces made from titanium dioxide, known for its self-cleaning properties.
What they found was that the layer of molecular dirt that's attracted to ultra-clean surfaces isn't actually water, as previously believed. It's actually something much more surprising.
This 'dirt' is made up of two organic acids, acetic acid (which adds to the sourness of vinegar) and formic acid, which is closely related.
Graphic simulation of molecular layer. (Cornell University)
That's a surprising finding, considering these acids are only found in very low quantities in normal air.
It could prompt a rethink on how surfaces attract and repel dirt, and even how future studies could ensure surfaces that are completely, spotlessly clean.
Even creating clean water was a challenge.
"In order to avoid impurities, experiments like these have to be carried out in a vacuum," says one of the team, Ulrike Diebold from the Vienna University of Technology in Austria.
"Therefore, we had to create a water drop that never came into contact with the air, then place the drop on a titanium dioxide surface that had been scrupulously cleaned down to the atomic scale."
The extra dirt layer – a single layer of molecules thick – only appeared when the titanium dioxide surface was taken out of the vacuum and exposed to the air. So it wasn't the water making it dirty.
This explains why titanium dioxide, which is used in everything from car mirrors to building tiles, always attracts this extra layer, even after using the Sun's energy to burn off most of the material that collects on top of it.
"Somehow these molecules on the surface are helping with this really interesting chemistry, the self-cleaning and oxidising properties," says one of the researchers, Melissa Hines from Cornell University in New York.
"And we're just beginning to understand what's going on there."
The scientists think that a special bidentate (or "two teeth") binding happening at the chemical level helps the acids stick to the titanium dioxide, even though there are only a few parts-per-billion of these particles in air.
Other molecules that are much more common in air slip or wash right off the surface because they don't have the same kind of binding mechanism.
To make sure they had their results right, the researchers tested the process of applying ultra-clean water droplets to titanium oxide in both the United States and Austria.
"It was crucial that we do the experiment in more than one place," says Hines. "If we had just done it in Vienna, everyone would say, 'For some reason, your building is full of vinegar.'"
There's still a lot to unpack and investigate here, the researchers admit, but it's a significant finding in helping us understand why these surfaces can't get completely clean when they're exposed to air.
At the same time, it explains how titanium dioxide can repel almost all other molecules – because of the acid it attracts.
"This result shows us how careful we need to be when conducting experiments of this kind," says Ulrike Diebold. "Even tiny traces in the air, which could actually be considered insignificant, are sometimes decisive.

Researchers at the Vienna University of Technology announced yesterday (Aug. 23) that they have created the cleanest drop of water in the world.
This ultrapure water could help explain how self-cleaning surfaces, such as those coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2), become covered with a mysterious layer of molecules when they come into contact with air and water.
"We had four labs [around the world] studying this and four different explanations for it," said study co-author Ulrike Diebold, a chemist at the Vienna University of Technology.

In the light of day

When TiO2 surfaces are exposed to ultraviolet light, they react in ways that "eat up" any organic compounds on them, Diebold told Live Science. This gives these surfaces a number of useful properties; for example, a TiO2-coated mirror will repel water vapor even in a steamy bathroom.
But leave them in a dark room too long, Diebold said, and the mysterious dirt forms.
Most of the proposed explanations for this involve some sort of chemical reaction with ambient water vapor. But Diebold and her colleagues applied the ultraclean water droplet to the surface and showed that water alone doesn't cause the film to appear.
Creating that superclean drop was a challenge, though. As Live Science previously reported, water very easily becomes contaminated with trace impurities, and perfectly pure water does not exist.
To get as close to perfectly pure as possible, Diebold said, her team had to design a specialized gadget that pushed water to its limits.
In one chamber of the device was a vacuum, with a "finger" hanging from its ceiling cooled to minus 220 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 140 Celsius). The researchers then released a thin, purified sample of water vapor from an adjacent chamber into the vacuum, so that the water formed an icicle at the tip of that finger. The researchers then allowed the icicle to warm up and melt, so that it dripped onto a piece of TiO2 below before quickly evaporating into the ultra-low-pressure chamber. Afterward, the TiO2 showed no sign of the molecular film that some researchers suspected came from water, the researchers reported today (Aug. 23) in the journal Science.
"The key is that neither the water nor the titanium dioxide had ever been exposed to air before," Diebold said.
Follow-up scans of TiO2 using microscopes and spectroscopes showed that the film wasn't made up of water or water-related compounds at all. Instead, acetic acid (which gives vinegar its sour taste) and formic acid, a similar compound, turned up on the surface. Both are byproducts of plant growth and are present in only tiny quantities in the air — but, apparently, there's enough of this material floating around to dirty a self-cleaning surface.

MTNL Recruitment 2018 Apply Online Assistant Managers (38 Vacancies)

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) invites applications from bright, result oriented, dynamic and energetic candidates with initiative and enterprise, desirous of making a career with MTNL, for vacancy post of Assistant Managers in various disciplines on direct recruitment basis. The MTNL Assistant Manager 2018 selection will be made through Online Examination.

Advertisement No. MTNL/CO/R&E/1(145)/2017/Non-Technical

Name of the post	No of Vacancies	Age Limit (As on closing date)
Assistant Manager (Human Resource)	06	23 to 30 years
Assistant Manager (Sales Marketing)	15	23 to 30 years
Assistant Manager (Finance) / JAO	17	20 to 30 years

Pay and Emoluments: Selected candidates will be entitled for stipend of ₹ 30,000/- per month during training period and on successful completion of training they shall be placed in the pay scale of ₹ 20600 - 46500/- + DA + HRA.

Educational Qualifications:

Assistant Manager (Human Resource) –>	02 years full time MBA course / MSW / MA (PM&IR) or equivalent. Full time Post Graduate Diploma with specialisation in HR / Personnel.
Assistant Manager (Sales Marketing) –>	02 years full time MBA course / equivalent. Full Time Post Graduate Diploma with specialisation in Marketing.
Assistant Manager (Finance) / JAO –>	Passed CA / ICWA (or) B.Com Graduate pass in CA and minimum 05 years experience gained after possessing the qualifications in reputed public / private limited company will also be eligible.

Selection Process: Online Examination. The candidates shall have undergo the exams in 02 parts:- (1) General Aptitude and (2) Specialization in HR / Marketing / Finance.

Application Fee (A Non Refundable): The fee should be made through online payment gateway using a Master / Visa Debit or Credit Card or Net-banking.

For General / OBC Category –>	₹ 1000/-
For SC / ST / PWD Category –>	₹ 500/-

How to Apply: Eligible Indian Nationals apply online through MTNL official website. The last date for online submission of applications is 27th September 2018. For queries about online registration contact Toll free Number – 18004192929.

Important Dates:

Closure of registration of application -> 27/09/2018 

Closure for editing application details -> 27/09/2018 
Last date for printing your application -> 27/09/2018 
Online Fee Payment     -> 13/08/2018 to 27/09/2018 
Last Date of receiving complaints from candidates -> 30/09/2018 
Tentative date of Online Examination -> 21/11/2018

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Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) (A Government of India Enterprise) issued recruitment notice for the post of Junior Telecom Officers (JTO) for filling up 66 Vacancies through GATE-2015. The Last date for online submission of applications is 21st March 2016.

ADVERTISEMENT NUMBER MTNL/R&E/1(145)/2015/E2

Name of the Post	No of Vacancies	Educational Qualification (Minimum Percentage – 60% for General / OBC, 55% for SC / ST / PwD)
Junior Telecom Officer (Telecom)	59	Full Time Degree in Engineering (B.E / B.Tech / Equivalent Engineering Degree) in Electronics/ and Telecommunications/ Computer Science and IT.
Junior Telecom Officer (Electrical)	05	Full Time Degree in Engineering (B.E / B.Tech / Equivalent Engineering Degree) in Electrical Engineering.
Junior Telecom Officer (Civil)	02	Full Time Degree in Engineering (B.E / B.Tech / Equivalent Engineering Degree) in Civil Engineering.

Age Limit: 21 to 30 Years as on 21st March 2016. Age Relaxation - 03 Years for OBC (NCL), 05 Years for SC / ST, 10 Years for PwD.

Pay and Emoluments: Selected candidates will be entitled for stipend of ₹ 17000/- per month during training period, and on successful completion of training they shall be placed in the pay scale of ₹ 20600 - 46500 + DA + HRA / subsidized housing and other benefits like Medical Facilities, Gratuity, Contributory Provident Fund etc. admissible as per rules of the Company.

Selection Process: Only those candidates who have qualified for Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) - 2015 are eligible to apply. Based on the GATE-2015 score, candidates will be shortlisted in the descending order of merit, and accordingly will be called for further document verification. Appointment will be given on the basis of successful verification of documents. It may be noted that for this recruitment process, GATE scores of 2015 only will be valid.

Application Fee (A Non-Refundable): ₹ 1000/- for General and OBC Category; ₹ 500/- for SC / ST / PWD Category. The fee can be made through Online Payment Gateway, using a Master / Visa Debit or Credit card. On successful completion of the transaction through the payment gateway, an e-payment receipt will be generated. he payment towards recruitment application fee can be made up to 21st March 2016.

How to Apply: Eligible Interested candidates are required to Apply Online through MTNL Website on or before 21/03/2016.

KVS Recruitment 2018-19 Apply Online Teachers, Principals (8339 Vacancies)

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) Head Quarters, New Delhi invites online applications for direct recruitment of Principals, Vice Principals, Post Graduate Teachers (PGTs), Trained Graduate Teachers (TGTs), Librarian and Primary Teachers (PRTs). The KVS Vacancy of Teachers 2018-19 online registration will be open from 24th August 2018 and close on 13th September 2018.

Name of Post	No of Vacancies	Age Limit	Pay Scale
Principal (Group A)	76	50 years	Pay Level 12 ₹ 78800 - 209200
Vice Principal (Group A)	220	45 years	Pay Level 10 ₹ 56100 - 177500
Post Graduate Teachers (PGTs) (Group B)	592	40 years	Pay Level 8 ₹ 47600 - 151100
Trained Graduate Teachers (TGTs) (Group B)	1900	35 years	Pay Level 7 ₹ 44900 - 142400
Librarian (Group B)	50	35 years	Pay Level 7 ₹ 44900 - 142400
Primary Teacher (Group B)	5300	30 years	Pay Level 6 ₹ 35400 - 112400
Primary Teacher (Music) (Group B)	201	30 years	Pay Level 6 ₹ 35400 – 112400

Educational Qualifications:

Principal –>	Post Graduate with atleast 45% marks in aggregate. B.Ed. or equivalent teaching degree. Minimum 15 years experience.
Vice Principal –>	Master's Degree with atleast 50% marks in aggregate. B.Ed. or equivalent teaching degree. Minimum total 10 years experience.
PGT –>	02 years Integrate Post Graduate M.Sc. course of Regional College of Education of NCERT in the subject concerned (OR) Master's degree from a recognized university with at least 50% marks in aggregate in concerned subjects.
TGT –>	B.E or B.Tech / Degree in concerned disciplines from a recognized University or equivalent Degree or Diploma from an institution/ university recognised by the Govt. of India. (and) The candidates with Honours Degree in required discipline with atleast 50% marks.
Librarian –>	(1) Bachelor degree in Library Science OR Graduate with one year diploma in Library Science from a recognized institution. (2) Working knowledge of Hindi and English.
Primary Teacher –>	(1) Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education. (2) Qualified in the Central Teacher Eligibility Test conducted by the Govt. of India. (3) Proficiency to teach through Hindi & English media.
Primary Teacher (Music) –>	(1) Senior Secondary School Certificate with 50% marks or Intermediate with 50% marks or its equivalent and Bachelor Degree in Music or equivalent  from a recognized University. (2)  Competence to teach through English / Hindi medium.

Selection Process: Recruitment Test and shortlisted candidates will be called for Interview.

Eligible candidates are required to apply online through KVS Website (www.kvsangathan.nic.in) from 24th August 2018. The last date for registration of online applications is 13th September 2018 up to 23:59 Hours.

Official Advertisement >>

Other Details >>

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KVS Recruitment 2018-19 Notification has been published on 18th December 2017. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan invites Online Applications from Indian Citizens for KVS Jobs Vacancy 2018 of Group A, Group B and Group C posts such as Officers Cadre, Librarian and Non-Teaching Positions for filling up 1017 Vacancies. KVS Jobs apply online from 21st December 2017 and close on 11th January 2018.

ADVERTISEMENT NO. 13

Post Code	Post Name	Total Vacancies	Upper Age Limit (As on 31/01/18)	Pay Level (as per 7th CPC)
1	Deputy Commissioner (Group-A)	04	50 Years	Level-12 ₹ 78800 - 209200
2	Assistant Commissioner(Group-A)	13	50 Years	Level-12 ₹ 78800 - 209200
3	Administrative Officer(Group-A)	07	45 Years	Level-10 ₹ 56100 - 177500
4	Finance Officer (Group-B)	02	35 Years	Level-7 ₹ 44900 - 142400
5	Assistant Engineer (Group-B)	01	35 Years	Level-7 ₹ 44900 - 142400
6	Assistant (Group-B)	27	35 Years	Level-6 ₹ 35400 - 112400
7	Hindi Translator (Group-B)	04	28 Years	Level-6 ₹ 35400 - 112400
8	Upper Division Clerk (Group-C)	146	30 Years	Level-4 ₹ 25500 - 81100
9	Stenographer (Grade-ll)(Group-C)	38	27 Years	Level-4 ₹ 25500 - 81100
10	Lower Division Clerk (Group-C)	561	27 Years	Level-2 ₹ 19900 - 63200
11	Librarian (Group-B)	54	35 Years	Level-7 ₹ 44900 - 142400

Qualification and Experience:

Deputy Commissioner ->

(1) At least a second class Master's Degree. 

(2) B.Ed. or equivalent degree. 
(3) 05 years' regular service as Assistant Commissioner. (OR) 08 Years experience as Assistant Commissioner and Principal together with minimum 01 year's experience as Assistant Commissioner (Both Principal as well as Assistant Commissioner are in the same band of Rs. 15,600-39,100 + Grade Pay Rs. 7600 pre-revised)/ (Level-12,    Rs. 78,800 to Rs.2,09,200 as per 7th CPC).

Assistant Commissioner ->

(1) Masters Degree from a recognized university with atleast 45% marks. 
(2) B.Ed or equivalent degree. 
(3) Experience - Persons holding the post of Principal in the pay band of Rs. 15600-39100 with Grade pay of Rs. 7600 (pre-revised)/(Level-12, Rs. 78,800 to Rs.2,09,200 as per 7th CPC) with atleast 03 years experience.

Finance Officer ->

(1) B.Com with 50% marks in the aggregate and atleast 4 years post qualification experience in the Audit and Accounts works. (OR) M.Com with 50% marks and atleast 3 years post qualification experience in the Audit and Accounts works. (OR) CA (Inter) or ICWA (Inter) or MBA (Finance) or PGDM(Finance) (2 years full time or 3 years part time) with 2 years post qualification experience in the Audit and Accounts works. 
(2) Knowledge of Computer Applications.

Assistant Engineer ->

(1) Graduate in Electrical Engineering from a recognized University. 2 years experience in design and engineering in concerned branch. (OR) 
(2) 3 years Diploma in Electrical Engineering from a recognized Institute and 5 years experience in concerned branch.

Assistant ->

(1) Graduate Degree with 03 years experience as UDC in Central / State Govt / Public Sector Undertakings. 
(2) Knowledge of Computer Applications is desirable.

Hindi Translator ->

(1) Post Graduate in Hindi or English or any one language is elective subject and another one is compulsory. (OR) 
(2) Diploma from Hindi to English & vice-versa or two years experience of translation work from Hindi to English and vice versa in Central or State Government office, including Government of India Undertaking.

Upper Division Clerk ->

(1) Graduate Degree in any discipline. 
(2) Three years experience as LDC in Central Govt./ State Govt./Autonomous Bodies/Public Sector Undertakings. 
(3) Desirable - Knowledge of Computer Applications.

Stenographer Grade-II ->

(1) Matric with 12th Class pass or equivalent from a recognized Board or University. 
(2) Skill test Norms - Dictation : 10 mts @ 80 w.p.m, Transcription : 50 mts (Eng) 65 mts (Hindi) (On computer).

LDC ->

(1) Class XII (Matric with 12th) pass or equivalent qualification from recognized board or university. 
(2) A typing speed of 35 w.p.m. in English or 30 w.p.m. in Hindi on computer. 
(3) Working knowledge of Hindi. 
(4) Knowledge of Computer Applications.

Librarian ->

(1) Bachelors Degree in Library Science OR Graduate with one year Diploma in Library Science from a recognized Institution. 
(2) Working Knowledge of Hindi & English.

Selection Process: Written Examination (Online Computer Based Test) followed by Skill Test and / or Interview. The KVS reserves the right to shortlist candidates for Computer Based Test, reschedule the test date & venue etc. or alter any of the advertised condition depending upon the circumstances.

Application Fee: Candidates belonging to General (UR) and OBC Category are required to pay the application fee of ₹ 1200/- for Group A Posts and ₹ 750/- for Group B and Group C Positions. The fee can be made through Online Bill Desk Payment Gateway using Debit Card/ Credit Card/ Net Banking. This fee exempted for SC / ST / PWD (PH) / Ex-serviceman category candidates.

How to Apply: Candidates are required to apply online through KVS website. The KVS Jobs 2018 Online registration open from 21/12/2017 and close on 11/01/2018 up to 11:59 PM (Midnight).

Help Desk: In case of any problems faced by the candidates in filling up the online application form, they may contact the Help Desk on Toll Free Number: 18002663091 between 10 AM and 6 PM on all days (Monday - Sunday), or candidate may send email to email id kvshelpdesk.2017@gmail.com.

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