Discovery of ray sperms' unique swimming motion and demonstration with bio-inspired robot

It is generally agreed that sperms 'swim' by beating or rotating their soft tails. However, a research team has discovered that ray sperms move by rotating both the tail and the head. The team further investigated the motion pattern and demonstrated it with a robot. Their study has expanded the knowledge on the microorganisms' motion and provided inspiration for robot engineering design.

source https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210610135548.htm