How confined protons migrate

Protons in aqueous solution can usually migrate very quickly -- much faster compared to other ions. However, this only applies when they are in a space greater than two nanometers, as a new study shows. In confined spaces the so-called Grotthuss mechanism no longer works, in which protons diffuse faster than ions.

source https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210908180435.htm